Synergetic formation of secondary inorganic and organic aerosol: effect of SO2 and NH3 on particle formation and growth
Item
Title (Dublin Core)
Synergetic formation of secondary inorganic and organic aerosol: effect of SO2 and NH3 on particle formation and growth
Description (Dublin Core)
The effects of SO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> on secondary organic aerosol formation have rarely been investigated together, while the interactive effects between inorganic and organic species under highly complex pollution conditions remain uncertain. Here we studied the effects of SO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> on secondary aerosol formation in the photooxidation system of toluene∕NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> in the presence or absence of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> seed aerosols in a 2 m<sup>3</sup> smog chamber. The presence of SO<sub>2</sub> increased new particle formation and particle growth significantly, regardless of whether NH<sub>3</sub> was present. Sulfate, organic aerosol, nitrate, and ammonium were all found to increase linearly with increasing SO<sub>2</sub> concentrations. The increases in these four species were more obvious under NH<sub>3</sub>-rich conditions, and the generation of nitrate, ammonium, and organic aerosol increased more significantly than sulfate with respect to SO<sub>2</sub> concentration, while sulfate was the most sensitive species under NH<sub>3</sub>-poor conditions. The synergistic effects between SO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> in the heterogeneous process contributed greatly to secondary aerosol formation. Specifically, the generation of NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> was found to be highly dependent on the surface area concentration of suspended particles, and increased most significantly with SO<sub>2</sub> concentration among the four species under NH<sub>3</sub>-rich conditions. Meanwhile, the absorbed NH<sub>3</sub> might provide a liquid surface layer for the absorption and subsequent reaction of SO<sub>2</sub> and organic products and, therefore, enhance sulfate and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. This effect mainly occurred in the heterogeneous process and resulted in a significantly higher growth rate of seed aerosols compared to without NH<sub>3</sub>. By applying positive matrix factorisation (PMF) analysis to the AMS data, two factors were identified for the generated SOA. One factor, assigned to less-oxidised organic aerosol and some oligomers, increased with increasing SO<sub>2</sub> under NH<sub>3</sub>-poor conditions, mainly due to the well-known acid catalytic effect of the acid products on SOA formation in the heterogeneous process. The other factor, assigned to the highly oxidised organic component and some nitrogen-containing organics (NOC), increased with SO<sub>2</sub> under a NH<sub>3</sub>-rich environment, with NOC (organonitrates and NOC with reduced N) contributing most of the increase.
Creator (Dublin Core)
Chu, Biwu
Zhang, Xiao
Liu, Yongchun
He, Hong
Sun, Yele
Jiang, Jingkun
Li, Junhua
Hao, Jiming
Date (Dublin Core)
2018-09-15
Type (Dublin Core)
Text
Format (Dublin Core)
application/pdf
Identifier (Dublin Core)
10.5194/acp-16-14219-2016
https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/16/14219/2016/
Source (Dublin Core)
eISSN: 1680-7324
Language (Dublin Core)
eng
