Bromocarbons in the tropical coastal and open ocean atmosphere during the 2009 Prime Expedition Scientific Cruise (PESC-09)
Item
Title (Dublin Core)
Bromocarbons in the tropical coastal and open ocean atmosphere during the 2009 Prime Expedition Scientific Cruise (PESC-09)
Description (Dublin Core)
Atmospheric concentrations of very short-lived species (VSLS) bromocarbons, including CHBr<sub>3</sub>, CH<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>, CHCl<sub>2</sub>Br, CHClBr<sub>2</sub>, and CH<sub>2</sub>BrCl, were measured in the Strait of Malacca and the South China and Sulu–Sulawesi seas during a two-month research cruise in June–July 2009. The highest bromocarbon concentrations were found in the Strait of Malacca, with smaller enhancements in coastal regions of northern Borneo. CHBr<sub>3</sub> was the most abundant bromocarbon, ranging from 5.2 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup> in the Strait of Malacca to 0.94 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup> over the open ocean. Other bromocarbons showed lower concentrations, in the range of 0.8–1.3 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup> for CH<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>, 0.1–0.5 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup> for CHCl<sub>2</sub>Br, and 0.1–0.4 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup> for CHClBr<sub>2</sub>. There was no significant correlation between bromocarbons and in situ chlorophyll <i>a</i>, but positive correlations with both MODIS and SeaWiFS satellite chlorophyll <i>a</i>. Together, the short-lived bromocarbons contribute an average of 8.9 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup> (range 5.2–21.4 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup>) to tropospheric bromine loading, which is similar to that found in previous studies from global sampling networks (Montzka et al., 2011). Statistical tests showed strong Spearman correlations between brominated compounds, suggesting a common source. Log–log plots of CHBr<sub>3</sub>/CH<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub> versus CHBr<sub>2</sub>Cl/CH<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub> show that both chemical reactions and dilution into the background atmosphere contribute to the composition of these halocarbons at each sampling point. We have used the correlation to make a crude estimate of the regional emissions of CHBr<sub>3</sub> and to derive a value of 32 Gg yr<sup>−1</sup> for the Southeast (SE) Asian region (10° N–20° S, 90–150° E). Finally, we note that satellite-derived chlorophyll <i>a</i> (chl <i>a</i>) products do not always agree well with in situ measurements, particularly in coastal regions of high turbidity, meaning that satellite chl <i>a</i> may not always be a good proxy for marine productivity.
Creator (Dublin Core)
Mohd Nadzir, M. S.
Phang, S. M.
Abas, M. R.
Abdul Rahman, N.
Abu Samah, A.
Sturges, W. T.
Oram, D. E.
Mills, G. P.
Leedham, E. C.
Pyle, J. A.
Harris, N. R. P.
Robinson, A. D.
Ashfold, M. J.
Mead, M. I.
Latif, M. T.
Khan, M. F.
Amiruddin, A. M.
Banan, N.
Hanafiah, M. M.
Date (Dublin Core)
2018-09-11
Type (Dublin Core)
info:eu-repo/semantics/Text
Format (Dublin Core)
info:eu-repo/semantics/application/pdf
Identifier (Dublin Core)
10.5194/acp-14-8137-2014
https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/14/8137/2014/
Source (Dublin Core)
eISSN: 1680-7324
Language (Dublin Core)
eng
Relation (Dublin Core)
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/226224
Rights (Dublin Core)
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
